8/24/2023 0 Comments Day r survival map khabarovsk![]() In 1922, during the Russian Civil War, the territory of the future Jewish Autonomous Oblast became the scene of the Battle of Volochayevka. The only industrial enterprise was the Tungussky timber mill, although gold was mined in the Sutara River, and there were some small railway workshops. The railway construction finished in October 1916 with the opening of the 2,590-metre (8,500 ft) Khabarovsk Bridge across the Amur at Khabarovsk.ĭuring this time, before the 1917 revolutions, most local inhabitants were farmers. Between 19, stations opened at Volochayevka, Obluchye, Bira, Birakan, Londoko, In, and Tikhonkaya. The project produced a large influx of new settlers and the foundation of new settlements. ![]() In 1899, construction began on the regional section of the Trans-Siberian Railway connecting Chita and Vladivostok. ![]() The Jewish Autonomous Oblast with the administrative center of Birobidzhan underscored. Construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway Įxpeditions of scientists, including geographers, ethnographers, naturalists, and botanists such as Mikhail Ivanovich Venyukov, Leopold von Schrenck, Karl Maximovich, Gustav Radde, and Vladimir Leontyevich Komarov promoted research in the area. It is estimated that as many as 40,000 men from the Russian military moved into the region. Between 18, many settlements consisting of wooden houses were founded. This military colonization included settlers from Transbaikalia. In December 1858, the Russian government authorized the formation of the Amur Cossack Host to protect the south-east boundary of Siberia and communications on the Amur and Ussuri rivers. In 1858, the northern bank of the Amur River, including the territory of today's Jewish Autonomous Oblast, was split away from the Qing Chinese territory of Manchuria and became incorporated into the Russian Empire pursuant to the Treaty of Aigun (1858) and the Convention of Peking (1860). Prior to 1858, the area of what is today the Jewish Autonomous Oblast was ruled by a succession of Chinese imperial dynasties. Background Annexation of the Amur Region by Russia See also: History of the Jews in: Russia, the Soviet Union, Antisemitism in the Soviet Union and History of the Jews in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast. It is one of two officially Jewish jurisdictions in the world, the other being Israel. Īrticle 65 of the Constitution of Russia provides that the JAO is Russia's only autonomous oblast. By 2010, according to census data, there were only approximately 1,600 people of Jewish descent remaining in the JAO (or just under 1% of the total population of the JAO and around 1% of Jews in the country), while ethnic Russians made up 93% of its population. By 1959, its Jewish population had fallen by half, and by 1989, with emigration restrictions removed, Jews made up 4% of its population. At its height, in the late 1940s, the Jewish population in the region peaked around 46,000–50,000, approximately 25% of its population. The JAO was designated by a Soviet official decree in 1928, and officially established in 1934. Its administrative center is the town of Birobidzhan. The Jewish Autonomous Oblast ( JAO Russian: Евре́йская автоно́мная о́бласть (ЕАО), romanized: Yevreyskaya avtonomnaya oblast Yiddish: ייִדישע אװטאָנאָמע געגנט, romanized: yidishe avtonome gegnt, IPA: ) is a federal subject of Russia situated in the far east of the country, bordering Khabarovsk Krai and Amur Oblast in Russia and Heilongjiang province in China.
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